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Skeletal System
#’s Axial, Apendendicular
Functions (6)
Histology
Haversion system + ______
5 things to identify
Cells (4)
(2) types of bones
Long bone – identify (9 items)
Composition : 1)______________
2) Matrix=____%
______%
Bone Ossification (2 types – which bones are made from thee?)
Where do all middle bones come from?
Intra_______ Ossification (8 steps)
Endochondral O_______ (13 steps)
Long bones increase length by…………………..
Diameter by……………..
Bones classified by? (4 – give examples)
2 other types.
What are the Growth Factors? (4) Give exact examples of each!
Where are the Paranasal Sinuses? What are the functions? Tissue?
What are Fontanels? Where are all 5 located and names?
Vertebral Column (#? Bones)
Draw and name curves.
Functions
What difference can you find between male/female bones?
Types of Fractures ( 8 )
Disorders (7)
CALCITONIN-
CANCELLOUS BONE-
COLLES FRACTURE-
COMMINUTED FRACTURE-
COMPOUND FRACTURE-
FONTANELS-
GREENSTICK FRACTURE-
INORGANIC SALTS-
KYPHOSIS-
LORDOSIS-
OBLIQUE FRACTURE-
ORGANIC FRAMEWORK-
OSTEOBLASTS/OSTEOCLASTS/OSTEOCYTES-
OSTEOMALACIA-
OSTEOMYELITIS-
OSTEONS –
OSTEOPOROSIS-
OSTEOPROGENITOR CELLS-
PARATHYROID-
POTT’S FRACTURE –
SCOLIOSIS-
SESAMOID-
SPIRAL FRACTURE –
THYROXINE-
TRANSVERSE FRACTURE –
WORMIAN-
Skeletal Questions
Can you name 5 fractures and describe?
What is the functions (6) of the curvature of the vertebral column?
What are the 4 curves of the vertebral and which is present at birth?
What are the Functions of the paranasal sinuses?
Describe the paranasal sinuses, and list 1 and it’s specific location.
What is a Fontanel?
What is the name of one Fontanel and what does it articulate with?
How do long bones increase in diameter by?
How do long bones increase in length by?
Name 4 minerals responsible for Growth and what the do.
What does thyroxine do?
What comes before “osteoblasts form bone matrix”, in endochondral ossification?
What are the types of ossification?
What comes after “trapped osteoblasts called osteocytes” in (other) ossification?
What bones are formed by endochondral ossification?
Both ossifications start from middle layer of___________ called __________.
Cartilage turns into bone. T F
What is the composition of bone? What constitutes the 33%, What constitutes the 67%
Name and draw the typical long bone, and identify at least 5 main points.
How is bone classified and name one bone for each.
Describe the two different Types of bone.
What are the functions of the Skeletal System? (6)
How many bones are in the appendicular?
What is the Histology of the Haversian system?
What is the difference between osteoprogenitor, osteoblast, osteocyte and osteoclast cells?
What is the difference between lymph capillaries and Blood capillaries?
Blind lymph capillaries are more permeable and only take interstitial fluid back to the Venus supply.
Organs: What are their functions? Tonsils: What are their functions?
Thymus –
Pharyngeal Tonsils-
Lymph Nodes –
Palatine Tonsils –
Spleen –
Lingual Tonsils-
Q. Difference between organs and tonsils? A. ____ are surrounded by a connective tissue capsule.
Spleen
Histology: White Pulp (1&4) and Red Pulp (2&3)
Functions: 1. Immune response to antigens/blood
2. Reservoir for RBC & Platelets
3. Phagocytize old RBC & Platelets
4. Phagocytize bacteria and foreign material
Conditions Mix/Match
1. Atherosclerosis (arteriosclerosis) |
1k |
a. Abnormally large # immature WBCs in blood |
2. Myocardial infarction (heart attack) |
|
b. Fewer than normal WBCs in blood |
3. Ischemic heart disease |
|
c. Abnormally large # of WBCs in blood |
4. Angina pectoris |
|
d. Abnormally large # RBCs in blood |
5. Hypertension |
|
e. Weakened, stretched, swollen veins |
6. Anemia |
|
f. Abnormally low Hb concentration or RBC count |
7. Leukemia |
|
g. BP in excess of 120/80 mmHg |
8. Leucocytosis |
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h. Pain resulting from ischemia |
9. Polycythemia |
|
i. Tissue lacks o2, reduced Blood flow |
10. Varicose Veins |
|
j. Branch of coronary artery blocked |
11. Leukopenia |
|
k. Plaques (atheromas) clog vessels |
1k, 2j, 3i, 4h, 5g, 6f, 7a, 8c, 9d, 10e, 11b
This lecture section – lets do circulatory pathways!
Like taking a trip to the beach, we will need to travel on certain roads to get there and back, and because we have limited time for this pleasure (we have toooo much anatomy studying to do) we must take the quickest path to get there and back.
I will state a FROM location, and a TO location. See if you can get there and back. Please don’t forget about the little side streets (or our ‘ABCs’-arterioles, capillaries, venules).
Starting Simple, Pathway #1:
FROM Superior Vena Cava TO Pulmonary Veins Answer Pathway #1 (11 steps)
Pathway #2 FROM Hepatic Vein TO Brain Answer Pathway #2 (22 steps)
Pathway #3 FROM elbow of right arm TO Spleen Answer Pathway #3 (long one!)
Pathway #4 FROM Thoracic Vertebral Column TO Left Ovary Answer Pathway #4 (25 steps)
Pathway #5 Pulmonary Circulation Answer Pathway #5 (16 steps)
Pathway #6 FROM Pancreas TO Spleen Answer Pathway #6 (30 steps)
Pathway #7 FROM 3rd Digit of the Right Hand TO 3rd Digit of the Left Hand Answer Pathway #7 (32 steps)
AN node –
Anterior interventricular Artery –
Atria vs atrium –
Autorhythmicity –
AV –
Bicuspid, Tricuspid valve –
Bundle of His –
Chordae tendineae –
Circumflex Artery –
Coronary plexus –
Coronary sinus –
Coronary Veins –
Cusps –
Deoxygenated, Oxygenated –
Diastole –
Endocardium –
Epicardium –
Interatrial septum –
Interventricular septum –
Lubb and Dubb –
Myocardium –
Pacemaker –
Papillary muscles –
Pericardial sac –
Pericardium –
Purkinje fibers –
SA node –
SV –
Systole –
Adventia –
Aganulocyte
Basophil –
Biconcave –
Endothelium –
Eosinophil –
Erythropoiesis
Erythropoietin –
Formed elements –
Granulocyte –
Hemoglobin –
Hemopoiesis –
Hepatic Portal System –
Homeostatis –
Leucocyte –
Leucopoiesis
Lymphocyte –
Megakaryocyte –
Monocyte –
Myeloid tissue –
Neutrophil –
Plasma –
Pulmonary circulation –
Renal Erythropoietic Factor –
Systemic circulation –
Thrombocyte –
Vasoconstriction –
Vasodilation –
Amazingly we had a neurosurgeon, Dr. Mukesh Misra from AV Neuroscience group in Lancaster, remove the brain from the newly aquired cadavar. For those of you who missed it – I kept notes!
This is just a quick scan of my visual step-by-step notes. I’ll type it up later today after classes!
PS – it was very cool.
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